AI in the U.S. — the largest infrastructure boom in the country's history

From 2025 to 2032, investments in artificial intelligence infrastructure are expected to average 3.63% of GDP annually. This exceeds the spending on railroads in the 1870s–1890s (2.24% of GDP), highways in 1956–1973 (1.13%), and fiber-optic communications in 1996–2003 (1.1%). Data centers and related infrastructure may absorb $10.3 trillion over this period. Funds are flowing into facilities for increasingly large models. The demand for skilled workers and electricity raises costs for other industries and displaces other investments. The scale is extraordinary. The risk is equally high: if returns do not materialize, the economic impact will be severe.